Statutory Library & Case Law
Bare Acts & Statutory Provisions
Navigate key sections of Indian statutes directly cross-linked to relevant case summaries and legal maxims. Compare IPC/CrPC with the new Bharatiya Sanhitas.
Article 14: Equality Before Law
The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
"Prohibits arbitrary state action and classification that lacks an intelligible differentia with a rational nexus to the statutory objective."
Joseph Shine v. Union of India
(2019) 3 SCC 39Struck down Section 497 IPC (adultery) for treating married women as property of their husbands, violating Article 14.
Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India
(2018) 10 SCC 1Decriminalised consensual same-sex relations under Section 377 IPC, holding that discrimination based on sexual orientation violates Article 14.
Article 19(1)(a): Protection of Freedom of Speech and Expression
All citizens shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, subject only to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2).
"Fundamental right to express views freely through writing, print, or electronic media, including the right to know and internet access."
Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India
(2018) 10 SCC 1Individual identity, privacy, and personal expression are fundamental freedoms protected under Article 19(1)(a).
Article 21: Protection of Life and Personal Liberty
No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
"Interpreted broadly to require procedure that is just, fair, and reasonable, embracing right to privacy, bodily autonomy, and dignified life."
ADM Jabalpur v. Shivakant Shukla
AIR 1976 SC 1207Historic ruling on personal liberty during Emergency, later vindicated by Justice Khanna's legendary dissent upholding inviolable rights under Article 21.
Joseph Shine v. Union of India
(2019) 3 SCC 39Affirmed that autonomy, dignity, and sexual privacy in personal decisions are core facets of Article 21.
Article 32 & 226: Remedies for Enforcement of Fundamental Rights (Writs)
Guarantees right to move Supreme Court (Art 32) and High Courts (Art 226) for writs of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo Warranto, and Certiorari.
"The heart and soul of the Constitution providing judicial remedies against unconstitutional executive and legislative actions."
ADM Jabalpur v. Shivakant Shukla
AIR 1976 SC 1207Supreme Court examined the scope of writ petitions for habeas corpus under Article 32 during national emergency.
Article 141: Law Declared by Supreme Court to be Binding
The law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India.
"Constitutional embodiment of the doctrine of precedent (Stare Decisis), creating unified jurisprudence across the nation."
Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab
(1980) 2 SCC 684Binding landmark precedent laying down the 'rarest of rare' doctrine governing capital sentencing across all Indian criminal courts.
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Interlinked Legal Knowledge System
Bare Act statutory provisions, landmark High Court and Supreme Court case summaries, and classical Latin legal maxims are cross-linked to give law students, advocates, and scholars an integrated research platform.